Bioinformatics Practice Test 2

1. The Genetic Algorithm method has been recently adapted for MSA(Multiple Sequence Alignment) by Corpet (1998).

True

False

2. The statistical analysis of alignment scores is much better understood for ________ than for _______

global alignments, any other alignment method

Needleman-Wunsch alignment, Smith-Waterman alignment

global alignments, local alignments

local alignments, global alignments

3. Related sequences are identified through the database similarity searching and as the process generates multiple matching sequence pairs, it is often necessary to convert the numerous pair wise alignments into a single alignment.

False

True

4. Which of the following is untrue regarding the Progressive Alignment Method?

Its drawback is it slows down the alignment of multiple sequences through a single step process

It speeds up the alignment of multiple sequences through a multistep process

It first conducts pair wise alignments for each possible pair of sequences using the Needleman–Wunsch global alignment method and records these similarity scores from the pair wise comparisons

Progressive alignment depends on the stepwise assembly of multiple alignments and is heuristic in nature

5. There are two approaches viz. exhaustive and heuristic approaches used in multiple sequence alignment.

True

False

6. The presence of evolutionary traces is because some of the residues that perform key functional and structural roles tend to be preserved by natural selection; other residues that may be less crucial for structure and function tend to mutate more frequently.

True

False

7. If the random sequences were prepared in a way that maintained the local base composition by producing them from overlapping fragments of sequence, the distribution of scores has a _______ standard deviation that is closer to the distribution of the natural sequences.

moderate

lower

higher

lowest

8. Progenitor sequences represented by the ______ branches of the tree are derived by alignment of the _______ sequences.

outer, outermost

inner, innermost

outer, innermost

inner, outermost

9. If the purpose is to calculate the probability of one event AND a second event, the odds scores for the events are _________

subtracted

added

multiplied

multiplied and added

10. Which of the following is incorrect about evolution?

The molecular sequences barely undergo changes

DNA and proteins are products of evolution

The macromolecules can be considered molecular fossils that encode the history of millions of years of evolution

The building blocks of these biological macromolecules, nucleotide bases, and amino acids form linear sequences that determine the primary structure of the molecules